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This aromatic blend of spices may be used whole or ground to a fine powder, depending on the dish. Whole garam masala is often added at the beginning or early in the cooking, whereas ground mixes are used to finish a dish.  The basic mixture usually includes coriander seeds, cumin seeds, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, mace, peppercorns, and cinnamon leaf, in varying proportions and with other spices added according to the individual cook’s preferences and the dish being prepared.  ingredients 3 tbsp coriander seeds 3 tbsp cumin seeds 20 green cardamom pods 10 cinnamon sticks, 1 in (2.5 cm) long 2 tbsp cloves 10 blades mace 10 black cardamom pods 1/2 nutmeg1 tbsp black peppercorns 4 cinnamon leaves or bay leaves 1 tbsp dried rose petals 1 tbsp fennel seeds. Method Heat a dry frying pan and add all the spices. Stir them and shake the pan as they start to crackle. When they smell roasted and aromatic, remove the pan from the heat and pour the spices onto a plate. Allow t...

Pasta with pecorino and peas Pecorino's bold, salty flavour adds character to a simple sauce; if you don't have it, Parmesan works well - just use a little less. INGREDIENTS 1 tbsp olive oil 1 onion, finely chopped salt and freshly ground black pepper 1 garlic clove, grated or finely chopped 1 red chilli, deseeded and finely chopped 2 tsp plain flour 2 small glass of dry white wine 150ml (5fl oz) milk 150g (5/20z) frozen peas 125g (4720z) pecorino cheese, grated, plus extra to serve 350g (12oz) dried farfalle pasta METHOD 1 Heat the oil in a large frying pan, add the onion and a pinch of salt, and cook over a low heat for 5 minutes, or until soft and translucent. Stir in the garlic and chilli and cook for a few seconds more. Stir in the flour, then add the wine, and simmer for a couple of minutes. Add the milk and stir. 2 Stir in the peas, then add the pecorino, and cook at a low simmer - do not allow to boil - for 10 minutes or until the sauce has thickened slightl...

GRECO–PERSIAN WARS. 480 BCE ◼ CENTRAL GREECE ◼ GREECE VS. PERSIA In 480 BCE, Xerxes I restarted  the Persian invasion of Greece that  had ended at Marathon 10 years  earlier, bridging the Hellespont (Dardenelles) with pontoons to transport his huge  army. Unable to oppose such a force, the northern Greek cities quickly capitulated and the Persians swept through Thessaly in central Greece. An anti-Persian resistance coalesced around Athens and Sparta,  however, and resolved to halt the invaders. The Spartan army under Leonidas marched to Thermopylae in Boeotia, where a narrow pass could be held by a small number of hoplites. Simultaneously, the Athenian fleet blocked the Persian navy at the Straits of Artemisium to the northeast.  Xerxes approached on August 18 with around 70,000 men, 10 times that of the Spartan-led defenders. He unleashed a  volley of arrows, followed by a headlong charge and an assault by his elite forces, the Immortals, ...

If you are a blogger! Then books you should read to keep your blog with high traffic. 1. One million followers. In  One Million Followers , Kane will teach you how to  gain  an authentic, dedicated, and diverse online following from scratch;  create  personal, unique, and valuable content that will engage your core audience; and  build  a multi-media brand through platforms like Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat, and LinkedIn.  2. Problogger. Problogger.net is where bloggers worldwide go for advice and information on enhancing their blog's presence. Whether you're just starting out or have been blogging for years, these two professional bloggers show you how to turn your passion for blogging into extra revenue. This practical guide to creating and marketing a blog with the potential for generating a six-figure income shows you how to choose subject matter that works for you, handle technical issues, and eva...

The Chemistry of Seawater THE OCEANS CONTAIN MILLIONS OF DISSOLVED chemical substances . Most of these are present in exceedingly small concentrations.  Those present in significant concentrations include sea salt, which is not a single substance but a mixture of charged particles called ions. Other constituents include gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.  One reason the oceans contain so many dissolved substances is that water is an excellent solvent. The Salty Sea The salt in the oceans exists in the form of charged particles, called ions, some positively charged and some negatively charged.  The most common of these are sodium and chloride ions, the components of ordinary table salt (sodium chloride). Together they make up about 85 percent by mass of all the salt in the sea. Nearly all the rest is made up of the next four most common ions, which are sulfate, magnesium, calcium, and potassium. All these ions, together with several others present in smal...